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Poor oral status, represented by partial/complete tooth loss, may lead to changes in food choice, which may ultimately lead to underweight, overweight, or obesity. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether poor oral status is associated with underweight or overweight/obesity, regardless of physical activity.This cross-sectional study is part of a major project, The Frailty in Brazilian Elderly...
Children admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) are at risk of inadequate energy intake. Although studies have identified factors contributing to an inadequate energy supply in critically ill children, they did not take into consideration the length of time during which patients received their estimated energy requirements after having achieved a satisfactory energy intake. This study aimed to...
To develop a method for determining the acceptability and safety of ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTF) before clinical trialing. Acceptability was defined using a combination of three consumption, nine safety, and six preference criteria. These were used to compare a soy/maize/sorghum RUTF (SMS-RUTFh), designed for the rehabilitation of human immunodeficiency virus/tuberculosis (HIV/TB) wasted...
This study investigated the potential beneficial effects of onion extract on brain ischemia-induced edema and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. The possible underlying mechanisms are investigated, especially those linked to the antioxidant effects of the onion extract.Brain ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h followed by reperfusion in mice. Mice were treated...
The bioaccessibility of bioactives from pistachios has not been previously evaluated. In the present study we quantified the release of polyphenols, xanthophylls (lutein), and tocopherols from pistachios (raw pistachios, roasted salted pistachios, and muffins made with raw pistachios) during simulated human digestion.A dynamic gastric model of digestion that provides a realistic and predictive simulation...
Iron supplementation is commonly recommended for infants; however, there are some reports that it causes oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential effects of iron supplementation at 4 mo of age, for a period of 2 mo, on lipid peroxidation and free radical scavenging enzymes.Twenty-seven healthy 4-mo-old infants chosen randomly and given iron supplementation (ferrous...
To evaluate homocysteine and total cysteine levels in prepubertal children and to determine the association between these levels and obesity, increased waist circumference, glucose levels, and lipid profile alterations.Using a cross-sectional study, 677 prepubertal students 6 to 11 y old were assessed. The weight, height, and waist circumference of the students were measured. Laboratory analyses included...
Malnutrition continues to be under-recognized and undertreated in the hospitalized setting. Although no “gold standard” for the diagnosis of malnutrition exists, the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) is a commonly used malnutrition assessment tool. The study aim was to explore the reporting of inter-rater reliability (IRR) of the SGA when used as a nutritional assessment tool in the published literature...
We propose an automated nutritional assessment algorithm that provides a method for malnutrition risk prediction with high accuracy and reliability.The database used for this study was a file of 432 patients, where each patient was described by 4 laboratory parameters and 11 clinical parameters. A malnutrition risk assessment of low (1), moderate (2), or high (3) was assigned by a dietitian for each...
Critically ill diabetic and obese patients are at high risk of complications. Arginine availability is lowered in diabetes and in stress situations, yet arginine is necessary for immune response, mainly by its action through nitric oxide (NO). These facts argue for arginine-supplemented diets in critically ill patients. However, studies have raised concerns about possible adverse effects of such diets...
The impact of obesity on ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) is still poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of waist circumference (WC) and body mass index as predictors of cardiac remodeling in patients after an anterior MI.Eighty-three consecutive patients with anterior MI were prospectively evaluated. Clinical characteristics and echocardiographic...
We examined whether angiotensinogen (AGT) gene polymorphisms are associated with food preferences in young, normal female subjects.Fifty-two young, normal female subjects (21–22 y old) were recruited. After a 12-h fast, blood samples were obtained to examine the AGT gene polymorphisms (rs699 and rs7079), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion (I)/deletion (D), and adrenergic β3 receptor (ADRB3)...
Fetal malnutrition is an early-life inducer of dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance. The aim of this study was to examine whether maternal azuki bean (Vigna angularis) polyphenol (AP) intake during lactation affects the adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway and lipid metabolism in offspring exposed to fetal malnutrition.Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into three groups:...
Moderate energy restriction and exercise are recommended for effective weight loss. Obese individuals oxidize less fat and report a higher perceived exertion during exercise, characteristics that may negatively influence exercise behavior. Because vitamin C status has been linked to fatigability, we compared the effects of vitamin C supplementation on self-reported fatigue and on the respiratory exchange...
Older adults have exaggerated postprandial lipemia, which increases their risk for cardiovascular disease. We sought to determine the effects of increased plasma l-arginine (L-ARG) availability on the oxidation of ingested fat (enriched with [1,1,1-13C]-triolein) and plasma triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations during the postprandial period in older subjects.On one day, eight healthy subjects (67.8...
The objective of this study was to investigate the changes in the hepatic proteome of newborn piglets after maternal folic acid supplementation (FS).Pregnant dams were fed a control diet (folic acid 1.3 mg/kg) or an FS diet (folic acid 30 mg/kg) during gestation. The liver samples of newborn piglets from each group were collected at birth for the analysis of the proteome using two-dimensional difference...
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